Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protein neurotoxins produced by neurotoxigenic strains of anaerobic and spore forming bacteria of the genus Clostridium (Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium butyrricum, Clostridium barati, and Clostridium argentinensis) (Smith et al., 2015).

2022年1月7日 · Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent protein toxins among bacterial, animal, plant and chemical toxic compounds and are the cause of botulism [1]. However, BoNT-based therapeutics are widely used for treatment of various diseases and esthetic disorders.

2014年6月30日 · Neurotoxigenic clostridia belong to six phylogenetically distinct groups and produce more than 40 different BoNT types, which inactivate neurotransmitter release owing to their metalloprotease...

2020年4月11日 · Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a growing family of bacterial protein toxins that cause botulism, a rare but often fatal animal and human disease. They are the most potent toxins known owing to their molecular architecture, which underlies their mechanism of action.

In this review, we highlight the toxin’s structural, functional, and evolutionary aspects, explore its clinical uses, and identify key research gaps, such as BoNT’s central effects and its long-term cellular impact.

2008年2月15日 · Clostridial botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes a neuroparalytic condition recognized as botulism by arresting synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Although the crystal structures of full-length BoNT/A and BoNT/B holotoxins are known, the molecular architecture of the five other serotypes remains elusive.

2022年6月3日 · This chapter describes the molecular structure of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT), the functions of light chain and heavy chain, and how after intramuscular injection, BoNT reaches cholinergic synapse of the nerve terminal.

2017年8月3日 · Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with other BoNTs and...

2024年10月1日 · Produced by a few species of anaerobic endospore-forming bacteria of the Clostridium genus, botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are a group of immunologically distinct proteolytic neurotoxins (serotypes A-G) that selectively target nerve terminals and impede the vesicular transmitter release responsible for neuronal communication [1∗∗, 2, 3, 4].

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are categorised into immunologically distinct serotypes BoNT/A to /G). Each serotype can also be further divided into subtypes based on differences in amino acid sequence. BoNTs are ~150 kDa proteins comprised of three ...