Article 1 (4) provides that armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes are to be considered international conflicts. Part …

Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed …

Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and Warfare, Geneva, 17 June 1925. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and …

The Protocol was adopted by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts in Geneva. It was signed on …

Protocol I extends the Geneva Conventions’ definition of inter-national armed conflict to include wars of national liberation (Art. 1) and specifies what constitutes a legitimate target of military …

This page can be referenced as ICRC Database, Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the …

Adopted on 8 June 1977, Additional Protocols (APs) I and II, together with the Geneva Conventions of 1949, form the foundations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and are the …

2015年6月9日 · clared war or ... any other armed conflict which may arise” between two or more States.. The three new scenarios that were envisaged by Art. 1(4) of AP I were: armed …

2016年12月13日 · IHL regulates both lawful and unlawful acts of violence in all situations of armed conflict – be they labelled wars of national liberation, fight against foreign occupation, …

2023年9月6日 · This paper first examines the concept of cyberspace and its potential regulation under IHL’s general principles. It then explores the term “attack” under IHL as well as the …