特征识别受体是固有免疫细胞感知危险的主要途径，主要包括 toll样受体 （TLR）， NOD-like receptor (NLR)， RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)， STING 等等。它起效快，不依赖于特异病原体。

在哺乳动物的几种不同类型PRR中，Toll样受体（TLR）得到了相当广泛的研究 [2,4,5]。 其他模式识别受体包括RIG-I样受体（RLR）、Nod样受体（NLR）、AIM2样受体（ALR）和C型凝集素受体（CLR），以及cGas和其他细胞内DNA传感器（ 图 1 ） [ 6,7 , 8 ]。

NLRs的表达不同于TLRs，TLRs主要表达在细胞或内噬体表面，而NLRs表达在免疫细胞和上皮细胞等多种细胞胞质中，其中某些NLRs家族成员主要表达在吞噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞胞质中。 更多Nod样受体信号>> C型凝集素受体（CLR）是一个庞大的蛋白超家族，典型的CLR含一个或多个糖基识别域（CRD），其蛋白表面突起的环上存在两个CLR功能所必需的Ca2+结合位点。 CLR包括分泌型和跨膜型两种，分泌型CLR的主要代表是胶原凝集素家族，跨膜型CLR根据其N端朝向 …

Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules.

2017年4月16日 · There are two main classes of such signaling pathways: NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The microbial pathogens under selective pressure have evolved numerous mechanisms to avoid and/or manipulate the NLR and TLR signal transduction for survival and replication.

2011年9月30日 · TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs are major innate immune pattern recognition receptor families. TLRs are cell-surface and intracellular located transmembrane receptors. NLRs are cytosolic receptors and also involved in inflammasome formation. RLRs are cytosolic receptors for viral RNA and DNA. These receptors are crucially involved in the pathogen...

NLR signaling results in the formation of a molecular scaffold complex (termed an inflammasome) and orchestrates with TLRs to induce IL-1beta and IL-18, both of which are important mediators in the majority of inflammatory disorders.

Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules.

2009年8月1日 · NLR signaling results in the formation of a molecular scaffold complex (termed an inflammasome) and orchestrates with TLRs to induce IL-1β and IL-18, both of which are important mediators in the majority of inflammatory disorders.

2009年10月28日 · TLR signaling, particularly through TLR2, has an important role in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and protection from epithelial injury. 2 Commensal bacteria including Bacteroides...