RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.

2022年4月15日 · We find that the impact of RNA chain length on condensate formation takes place through enhanced localization of RNA units which effectively enhance protein-RNA interactions, leading to high critical temperatures and surface tensions.

Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function. The well-known structure of the DNA double helix allows this information to be copied and passed on to the next generation.

The RNA chain produced by transcription—the transcript—is therefore elongated one nucleotide at a time, and it has a nucleotide sequence that is exactly complementary to the strand of DNA used as the template .

2022年3月18日 · We find that crowding and RNA chain length can have a major stabilizing effect on the condensation. We also find that the RNA-protein charge ratio is a crucial variable controlling stability, interfacial properties, and the reentrant …

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2025年3月25日 · Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and is catalyzed by three different RNA polymerase holoenzymes (Pols I, II, and III) that are nevertheless similar in structure and function. 1 All classes of RNA are extensively processed starting during transcription, resulting in rapid covalent modification of the molecule or editing of its sequence. . …

1. RNA structure can be specific, globular, stable and complex. (As a result, RNA mediates specific recognition and catalytic reactions.) 2.Secondary structures include stems, bulges, and loops. 3.Tertiary motifs include base triples, pseudoknots, A-A platforms, the tetraloop/tetraloop receptor, A-minor motifs, ribose zippers

2025年3月20日 · Author summary Most algorithms for 3D RNA structure prediction, including a recent version of AlphaFold, in the pool of solutions return models with entanglements, which turn out to be artifacts of computational modeling. Excluding the entanglement region, these models can reflect the native conformation quite well; however, due to the presence of the artifact, they are not considered ...

2005年1月28日 · RNA chain elongation is a highly processive and accurate process that is finely regulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Here we describe a general mechanism that governs RNA polymerase (RNAP) movement and response to regulatory inputs such as pauses, terminators, and elongation factors.