1997年11月4日 · Plinian eruptions. Plinian eruptions produce huge clouds of volcanic ash rising up from a giant cinder cone. These eruptions are named after the Roman statesman Pliny the Younger, who witnessed the eruption of Italy's Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum, killing thousands of people (Giacomelli et al., 2003).

2021年6月1日 · During the main Plinian eruption phase, the immediate impacts of heavy ash fall (e.g., asphyxiation and roof collapse) caused numerous fatalities (Table 3, Table 4). After the main phase, continued explosions and ash emissions added to the refugee crisis, which in turn caused additional fatalities because of disease, epidemic and social unrest.

2015年1月1日 · Many plinian eruptions consist of repeated plinian pulses (at least three for the 1982 El Chichón eruption, Mexico, and for the 1912 Katmai eruption, Alaska), each separated by hiatuses of hours. Although considered quasi-steady, many plinian pulses show a progressive increase of MDR, which is recorded as inverse grading (coarsening upward) of ...

2013年1月1日 · Because subplinian and plinian eruptions produce high-amplitude, sustained (minutes to hours) broadband infrasound (Fig. 2 f–g), they are more commonly recorded up to thousands of kilometers from the source (e.g. Vergniolle and Caplan-Auerbach, 2006, Fee et al., 2010b, Fee et al., 2010c, Matoza et al., 2011a).

2015年1月1日 · The plinian phase was preceded by partial destruction of the existing lava dome and generation of high-energy pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) mainly toward the NE that produced a series of depositional subunits (Units A 0–2) and blown-down trees (stage 1). In the main phase of the plinian eruption, tephra fallout (Unit B) was widely ...

2021年11月1日 · The Plinian eruption began after the avalanche and lateral blast created a decompression wave that was transmitted downward to the magma chamber. Assuming a nominal wave velocity of 105 m/s (Kieffer, 1981) the magma chamber would have received the wave in a few seconds to minutes. The effects of rigidity, diffusion and enclaves of gray and ...

2020年2月15日 · Lateral velocity gradients are a common feature of basaltic sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptions, and have been inferred for the Yufune-2, Fontana Lapilli and Etna 122 BCE eruptions where similar microtextural heterogeneity is observed (Sable et al., 2006; Suzuki and Fuji, 2010; Costantini et al., 2010). For the Masaya Triple Layer eruption ...

2025年3月4日 · The eruptive style transition from Plinian column formation to collapse and PDC generation is thought to be caused by changes in eruption source parameters, such as the mass discharge rate, the ascent velocity, and the volatile content supplied to the column (Wilson et al., 1980; Carey and Sigurdsson, 1989; Woods and Caulfield, 1992; Kaminski ...

1983年4月1日 · The October, 1902, eruption of Santa Maria Volcano, Guatemala, was one of the largest this century. It was preceded by a great earthquake on April 19 centered at the volcano, as well as numerous other major earthquakes. The 18–20 hour-long plinian eruption on October 25 produced a column at least 28 km high, reaching well into the stratosphere.

2022年8月1日 · The most famous and first documented Plinian eruption is the one that occurred on the 79 CE at Vesuvius, which gave the name to this type of activity (Pyle, 2000; Cioni et al., 2015) and whose dedicated studies have given a great contribution to modern volcanology (e.g., Sigurdsson et al., 1985; Macedonio et al., 1988; Barberi et al., 1990).