In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis. Professional phagocytes include macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs). [1] A phagosome is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around a microorganism, a senescent cell or an apoptotic cell.

吞噬体（phagosome）也称为吞噬小体，是一种在胞吞作用中在被吞噬物质周围形成的囊泡，这种囊泡由细胞膜向细胞内凹陷产生。 吞噬体是一种在 免疫过程 中常见的 细胞结构 ，入侵 机体 內的 病原 微生物 可在吞噬体中被杀灭、消化。

溶酶体的吞噬作用是指外来的有害物质被吞入细胞后，即形成由膜包裹的吞噬小体 (phagosome) 异噬性溶酶体 (heterolysosome) 又称异体吞噬泡, 它的作用底物是外源性的, 即细胞经吞噬、胞饮作用所摄入的胞外物质。 异噬性溶酶体实际上是初级溶酶体同内吞泡融合后形成的。

巨自噬，通常也称作自噬，是一种催化过程，导致细胞浆主要内容物的自噬性溶酶体降解、异常蛋白聚集和细胞器过剩或受损。 营养不足的状态通常会激活自噬，但自噬也与许多生理和病理过程有关，比如发育、分化、神经退行性疾病、应激、感染以及癌症。 mTOR 激酶是诱导自噬的重要调节分子，激活的 mTOR（Akt 和 MAPK 信号转导）可抑制自噬，而 mTOR（AMPK 和 p53 信号转导）的负性调节则促进自噬。 e三种相关的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶，UNC-51-激酶-1、-2 和 -3 …

Phagocytosis is the process of taking in relatively large particles by a cell, and is a central mechanism in the tissue remodeling, inflammation, and defense against infectious agents. A phagosome is formed when the specific receptors on the phagocyte surface recognize ligands on the particle surface.

Phagosome formation and maturation are induced through a sequence of events, such as phagocytic receptor recognition, intracellular signal transduction, cytoskeletal rearrangement, interaction with endocytic compartments and ion transport. The final goal of these processes is to eliminate foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells.

A phagosome is a subcellular organelle that plays a crucial role in the immune system by transforming into a toxic environment to destroy pathogens through the production of reactive species. AI generated definition based on: Methods in Cell Biology, 2021

Autophagy is the process of sequestering portions of cellular interior (cytosol and intracellular organelles) into a membranous organelle (autophagosome), whereas phagocystosis is its topological equivalent engaged in sequestering cellular exterior.

2020年8月25日 · In this review, we describe the sequential stages in the phagocytosis process. We also discuss the immune evasion strategies used by pathogens to regulate phagosome maturation during intracellular bacterial infection, and indicate that these might be used for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.

A phagosome is formed when the specific receptors on the phagocyte surface recognize ligands on the particle surface. After formation, nascent phagosomes progressively acquire digestive characteristics.