15.2: How Pathogens Cause Disease - Biology LibreTexts
2024年4月21日 · Explain the concept of pathogenicity (virulence) in terms of infectious and lethal dose; Distinguish between primary and opportunistic pathogens and identify specific examples of each; Summarize the stages of pathogenesis; Explain the roles of portals of entry and exit in the transmission of disease and identify specific examples of these portals
The phylogenomics of evolving virus virulence - Nature
2018年10月10日 · Current evolutionary theory tells us that when a virus jumps to a new species, its initial virulence can vary from asymptomatic to highly pathogenic, and precisely where it lies on this...
Bacterial Pathogenesis - Medical Microbiology - NCBI Bookshelf
Virulence is the measure of the pathogenicity of an organism. The degree of virulence is related directly to the ability of the organism to cause disease despite host resistance mechanisms; it is affected by numerous variables such as the number of infecting bacteria, route of entry into the body, specific and nonspecific host defense ...
Darwin review: the evolution of virulence in human pathogens
2024年2月7日 · In this review, I develop a framework based on the antigenic diversity of the pathogen population with the aim of demonstrating the critical role of acquired immunity to infection and disease in shaping the evolution of virulence, as well as defining the routes by which we can reduce the burden of disease in human populations. 2.
Pathogenicity and virulence of influenza - PMC - PubMed …
2023年6月23日 · This review summarizes the current knowledge on viral determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenicity, protective and immunopathogenic aspects of host innate and adaptive immune responses, and antiviral and pro-viral roles of host factors and cellular signalling pathways.
Host-Pathogen Interactions: Redefining the Basic Concepts of Virulence …
In this article, we review historical concepts of microbial pathogenicity and virulence, propose new definitions, and suggest a classification system for microbial pathogens based on their ability to cause damage as a function of the host’s immune response.
The effect of treatment on pathogen virulence - PMC
2005年3月3日 · In this paper, we will introduce plausible functional forms for β, c y, δ, ρ, and φ in terms of pathogen virulence v, and find explicit expressions for the optimal virulence levels for a set of disease-dependent special cases. This allows us to make predictions regarding the effect of treatment on optimal virulence levels, including cases ...
Levels of pathogen virulence and host resistance both shape …
2021年4月15日 · Here, we test the extent to which pathogen-specific antibody levels, a commonly used measure of immunocompetence, reflect variation in host resistance versus pathogen virulence, and whether...
Pathogenesis, Virulence, and Infective Dose | PLOS Pathogens
2007年10月26日 · We propose a new hypothesis to explain the wide diversity of infective dose among pathogens. In our hypothesis, the biochemical mechanisms of pathogenesis, which typically facilitate invasion by evading host immune defenses, explain much of …
Pathogenicity and virulence - ScienceDirect
2004年3月1日 · Infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity are considered properties of the pathogen, but we measure them by recording the response of the host in a particular environment. A pathogen that is highly virulent in one host may have low virulence in another, or may be less virulent in different abiotic conditions ( Casadevall and Pirofski, 2001 ).
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