2013年1月13日 · Hygrine and cuscohygrine occur in the Peruvian coca shrub (Erythroxylon truxillense Rusby). Many pyrrolidine alkaloids are derived by combination of a cyclized ornithine and an acetoacetate or polyacetate unit. Chromic acid oxidation of hygrine forms hygrinic acid, which could be related to l-proline.

2010年5月26日 · Hygrine is an important biosynthetic intermediate for tropane alkaloids. A synthesis of (−)-hygrine starting from l-proline is described. The acetonyl side chain of hygrine was fashioned through the Wittig reaction followed by regioselective Wacker oxidation. In addition, this Letter provides the first synthesis of (−)-norhygrine.

2008年6月16日 · Hygrine (1) is an alkaloid present in coca leaves as well as in a variety of other plants.It has been the subject of several biological and pharmacological studies, 1 especially since it is known that hygrine is the precursor of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, both compounds are used in the preparation of a vast number of pharmaceutical products; consequently, there is …

2011年12月7日 · The absolute configurations 1a of (+)-hygrine and (−)-hygrine were determined by the relative correlations with those of d-proline and l-proline. Later, Park & co-workers confirmed the absolute configuration of (+)-hygrine as ‘ R ’ by its first asymmetric synthesis. 3 The compound norhygrine 2 is found to co-occur with hygrine 1 .

1995年6月9日 · Hygrine levels of 1% w/w or less (relative to cocaine) in coca leaf could be determined when using a structurally-related internal stan- dard. Although hygrine has been confirmed as a bona fide alkaloid of coca leaf, the storage of leaf in the powdered form at room temperature can result in the artifactual formation of this compound, due ...

2013年4月10日 · These markers are the hygrine and cuscohygrine that are present in the leaves of E. coca. A fast GC/MS method involving a liquid:liquid extraction procedure with tertbutylmethylether (TBME) is proposed for the determination of some alkaloids in cocaine leaves, cocaine seizures and biological samples.

2008年6月16日 · Hygrine is an important biosynthetic intermediate for tropane alkaloids. A synthesis of (−)-hygrine starting from l-proline is described. The acetonyl side chain of hygrine was fashioned through the Wittig reaction followed by regioselective Wacker oxidation. In addition, this Letter provides the first synthesis of (−)-norhygrine.

2014年10月1日 · It is a very simple method using liquid–liquid extraction for sample clean-up and gives good signals for hygrine and cuscohygrine in selected ion scan mode. The peak areas of hygrine and cuscohygrine in the urine samples obtained from coca leaf chewers were higher than the LOD (100 ng/ml for cuscohygrine).

2015年8月1日 · Hygrine (1), of which the role in the biosynthesis of hyoscyamine (36) has long been a point of discussion, showed significant correlation with many tropane alkaloids and the strongest correlation with tropinone (2), in both treated and control plants (correlation coefficient 0.9 and 0.7, respectively).

2019年12月1日 · A previous work has shown that CUS is transformed into hygrine in CUS methanolic standard solutions and in urine samples [12]. Cinnamoylcocaine (cis and trans) alkaloids that are co-extracted with cocaine from coca leaf are expected to be degraded (hydrolysis) into cinnamic acid (cis and trans) and cinnamoylecgonine (cis and trans) and EME …