The cause of hiatal hernias is unknown, but children with this condition are usually born with it. It usually is associated with gastroesophageal reflux in infants. The symptoms are heartburn, especially when bending over or lying down, swallowing problems, chest pain and burping.

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes up through an opening in the diaphragm and into the chest. This opening is usually located where the esophagus joins the stomach. Some patients may develop a hiatal hernia as a complication from a previous surgery to correct esophageal atresia, in which part of the esophagus is missing.

Key points about hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is when part of your stomach pushes up into an opening (the hiatus) in your diaphragm. There are 2 types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. Paraesophageal hernias are less common but can be more serious. You may need surgery. Experts don’t know what causes hiatal hernias.

Hiatal hernias: Hernias in the upper stomach and chest; Incisional hernias: Bulges resulting from an incision (cut) from a past abdominal surgery; Epigastric hernias: These are small bulges that occur in a straight line anywhere between the umbilicus and lower sternum. Unlike umbilical hernias, they will not close spontaneously.

Hiatal hernias. This type of hernia happens when the upper part of the stomach bulges through a weak opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus meets the stomach. While these hernias are common, oftentimes they are small and don't cause any issues.