HLA-B51 (B51) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*51 gene products. [1] B51 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B5, and is a sister serotype of B52. [2] There are many alleles within the B*51 allele group. B51 is associated with several diseases, including Behçet's disease.

HLA B*51 is the predominant risk factor for BD in all populations studied, however not all BD patients carry the B*51 allele. The disease is prevalent in countries in the eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East, and East Asia and in individuals of Middle Eastern, Far Eastern and Mediterranean decent.

HLA-B∗51 remains the most important genetic factor in Behçet's syndrome, despite the recent identification of several susceptibility genes. The prevalence of HLA-B∗51 has been shown to differ among phenotype-based clinical clusters in the same patient population.

通过查阅相关文献，我们终于明白了基因hla-b51的含义。 原来它只是一个易感基因，阳性结果只是表明你患有白塞病的几率较高，而阴性结果则意味着你患白塞病的概率较低，并不意味着你绝对不是白塞病患者。

2024年2月15日 · hla-b51 携带率因族群而异，而hlab51在普通人群中相对较高的携带率限制了其作为诊断工具的实用性。应用最广泛的白塞综合征分类标准于1990年制定 ，并于2014年进行了修订。

研究表明，携带 HLA-B51 这一特殊类型抗原基因的个体，更容易患上白塞病。 HLA基因编码一类在免疫细胞表面被发现的蛋白，这类蛋白在细胞调节中发挥关键作用。 鉴于该疾病是自身免疫过程的结果，HLA-B51蛋白的确有可能参与该疾病的演变。 另外，个体对病毒和细菌感染的反应可能也牵涉其中，例如：一些白塞病患者，会产生相对较高水平的 幽门螺杆菌 抗体，这些抗体可能会损伤血管壁。 (这是一个分子模拟的例子，即针对外来病原体的抗体，产生了交叉反应，并破坏 …

Behcet’s is one of the few forms of vasculitis in which there is a known genetic predisposition. The presence of the gene HLA–B51 is a risk factor for this disease. However, it must be emphasized that presence of the gene in and of itself is not enough to cause Behcet’s: many people possess the gene, but relatively few develop Behcet’s.

人类白细胞表面抗原（hla-b）*51基因型被认为与白塞病易感性相关，荟萃分析显示携带hla-b*51基因人群患白塞病的可能性是非携带者的6倍 [10] 。 与1型和17型辅助T细胞（Th1和Th17）极化有关的基因，如IL23R–IL12RB2、STAT4和IL10，也与白塞病相关 [11,12] 。

Studies reveal that HLA-B*51 is the primary genetic risk factor, but non-HLA genes (ERAP1, IL-10, IL23R/IL-12RB2), as well as innate immunity genes (FUT2, MICA, TLRs), also contribute. Genome-wide studies emphasize the significance of ERAP1 and HLA-I epistasis.

免疫学原因（包括自身免疫）、病毒或细菌感染可能与发病有关，HLA-B51是主要危险因素。 HLA-B51等位基因在欧洲，中东和远东地区患者之中> 15％，但在非洲，大洋洲和南美洲的患者中较少或缺失。 从口腔阿弗他溃疡、结节红斑和针刺反应病变的活检组织中可见中性粒细胞浸润，组织学改变无特异性。 1. Akkoç N.白塞病的流行病学、危险因素和疾病结局的最新进展。 临床风湿病学最佳实践研究 2018;32 (2):261-270。 doi:10.1016/j.berh.2018.08.010. 几乎所有患者都有 …