2023年3月10日 · Appropriate anesthesia: Frogs have several adaptive features which make anesthesia challenging including the ability to exchange CO 2 cutaneously, the ability to hold their breath for long periods of time, and unique tracheal anatomy making intubation and gas anesthesia generally unfeasible.

Fortunately, there are a number of different anesthetics available to the veterinary clinician for anesthetizing amphibians, including tricaine methanesulfonate, clove oil, propofol, isoflurane, and ketamine.

Most of these anaesthetic drugs produce variability in depth and duration of anaesthesia. MS-222 appears to be one of the most reliable anaesthetics. This review will focus on the evidence of pain perception in frogs and will compare the effectiveness and limitations of different anaesthetics used in Xenopus leavis frogs.

2007年7月1日 · When using MS-222 in amphibian patients, a light plane of anesthesia is indicated by the loss of the righting reflex and the corneal reflex. A deep plane of anesthesia is indicated when the withdrawal reflex to deep pain is lost. Once anesthesia is successfully induced, it is essential to transfer the amphibian patient to fresh water.

If frogs show signs of pain on reviving from tricaine anesthesia, administer 38 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously every 4–6 h at the site of the dorsal lymph sac. If frogs begin to show signs of infection, one can administer 0.3 mg/mL of oxytetracycline to the tank water ( Merck & Co. 1955 ; Sive et al. 2000 ).

2006年1月1日 · CONCLUSIONS: Tricaine methanesulfonate was the most effective agent tested inducing surgical plane of anesthesia in all the frogs. Exposure to clove oil and Orajel® cream induced immobility in 96.7% and 66.7% of the frogs, respectively, but these two compounds failed to provide adequate analgesia for surgical stimuli in approximately half of ...

frogs have been one of the most popular aquatic research models for developmental studies and genetic research. Since minor and major surgical procedures are performed in these animals more need to be known about pain per - ception, analgesia and anaesthesia. this paper will focus on the pain mechanism and anaesthesia in frogs with a

These frogs have been extensively use in research for their eggs, that can be collected following hormonal stimulation either naturally or by surgical intervention. Many anaesthetics have been used in amphibians such as bath solutions of MS-222, benzocaine and eugenol as well as systemic injections of ketamine or tiletamine, barbiturates ...

Isoflurane is one of the safest and most accepted anesthetic agents for reptiles, birds, and mammals. It has also been used in terrestrial amphibians. The use of inhalation agents in an entirely aquatic frog presents a new dilemma for delivery in contrast to terrestrial species.

2019年1月29日 · Tricaine (MS-222) is a safe anesthetic compound compared to benzocaine and pentobarbital to induce anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Pharmacol Rep 57: 467–474, 2005 . PubMed | Web of Science | Google Scholar