The Mfecane, also known by the Sesotho names Difaqane or Lifaqane (all meaning "crushing," "scattering," "forced dispersal," or "forced migration"), [1] was a historical period of heightened military conflict and migration associated with state formation and expansion in Southern Africa.

Mfecane, series of Zulu and other Nguni wars and forced migrations of the second and third decades of the 19th century that changed the demographic, social, and political configuration of southern and central Africa and parts of eastern Africa.

European settlers was that great series of raids and wars carried on by whole communities of displaced and wandering Bantu peoples which was named the Difaqane by its victims.

2012年10月25日 · The Difaqane/Mfecane was a period of "disturbance" or "scattering" between 1815 and 1835. This period is characterized by the rise of the Zulu State under Shaka.

6 天之前 · During this turbulent period, known as the Difaqane (also spelled Lifaqane, Mfecane; Sotho: “crushing”), the members of many chiefdoms were annihilated, dispersed, or incorporated into stronger, reorganized, and larger chiefdoms positioned in strategically advantageous areas.

The accounts of the Difaqane written in all the major histories of South Africa are based on three books which were written over fifty years ago: G. W. Stow, The Native Races of South Africa; D. F. Ellenberger and J. C. Macgregor, The History of the Bosuto; and especially the earliest, G. M. Theal, History of South Africa.

2019年5月31日 · The word and concept of difaqane have a history that long predates their use in twentieth-century ‘liberal’ or apartheid historiography. The word itself, spelt lifaqane in southern Sotho orthography (though still pronounced the same as di-), goes back at least to the 1890s - and quite possibly half a century earlier in Lesotho historiography.

2011年11月24日 · In the early 1800’s southern Africa experienced a succession of wars called the mfecane in Nguni languages or difaqane in the Sotho languages. There is a great deal of controversy about what caused the mfecane, but one of the more popular theories is that the Mfecane wars were caused by competition for limited land, growing trade at Delagoa ...

The Mfecane: The large-scale dispersal of groups of northern Nguni people during the early 19th century to the south, north, and west of present-day KwaZulu-Natal, which led to the displacement or impoverishment of neighbouring people; the resultant wars and battles; the period during which this upheaval took place; difaqane; Fetcani sense 2 ...

Meaning and origin of difaqane with spelling and pronunciation. History and development of the term difaqane with example sentences.