因果推理初探（3）——拨开混杂的迷雾 - 知乎
简单来说，混杂（confounding）就是因果变量之间的共因。而混杂因子（confounder）就是能够阻断因果变量之间所有后门路径的变量（可能混杂因子不止一个）。
An E-value analysis of potential unmeasured or residual …
2022年4月1日 · Unmeasured confounding poses a serious threat to observational studies of post-TB health outcomes. E-values have been recently proposed as a method to assess the …
偏差(bias)与混淆(confounding) - 知乎 - 知乎专栏
confounding是一个因果概念（不能用相关来描述），当我们研究的自变量X与因变量Y相关性时，当X与Y存在一个共同的原因Z，导致我们估计X与Y的相关性不置信。 （甚至可能存在X与Y …
We read with interest the individual-participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of observational studies by Leonardo Martinez and colleagues,1 to infer preventive therapy effectiveness stratified by …
Propensity Score-Based Approaches to Confounding by Indication …
2016年3月29日 · We compared different analytic approaches to account for confounding in IPD from patients treated for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Two antibiotic classes …
在线性回归模型中，老师提到一个confounder的东西这是什么？
在线性回归模型中，老师提到一个confounder的东西这是什么？ 具体问题是在simple linear regression 中， 一个变量通过T-test得到的结果不显著，但是同样的变量放进multiple li…
Dealing with multiple confounders in observational studies: beyond ...
2014年1月1日 · This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of confounding in the observed association between problem drinking and tuberculosis, assessing the effect of …
Matching Methods for Confounder Adjustment: An Addition to …
Propensity score weighting and outcome regression are popular ways to adjust for observed confounders in epidemiologic research. Here, we provide an introduction to matching …
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Results of literature search for studies using methods to account for time-dependent confounding applied in longitudinal cohorts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) or multidrug-resistant TB. …
(PDF) Time Dependent Confounding in Tuberculosis
2020年6月18日 · In this study, CD4 lymphocyte count is both a time-dependent confounder of the causal effect of zidovudine on survival and is affected by past zidovudine treatment.