Toll样受体9 （TLR9）是Toll样受体家族的成员之一，其可被病原体来源的非甲基化磷酸胞苷鸟苷DNA（ CpG DNA ）或人工合成的含非甲基化CpG的 寡核苷酸 （CpG ODN）激活，并通过其下游信号传导直接或间接启动 固有免疫反应 ，从而抵抗病原体的入侵。

2013年5月14日 · Unveiling a previously undescribed role for TRIF and TRAF6 proteins in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signalling, we demonstrate that physical association of TLR9, TRIF and TRAF6 leads to...

2022年7月28日 · In this review article, we describe the TLR9 signaling, the application of TLR9 agonists CpG-ODN in tumour biology, the delivery methods and focus on the combination strategies with different...

CpG-A ODNs刺激类浆树突细胞（pDC）可以较强的产生 IFN-a，但是会较弱的激活TLR9依赖的 NF-kB 信号通路，产生较少的促炎性细胞因子（如白细胞介素6）。 - CpG-B ODNs 是包含一个或多个CpG二核苷酸的完整PS骨架结构序列。 CpG-B ODNs可以较强的活化B细胞和TLR9介导的NF-kB信号，但刺激分泌IFN-a的效果较弱。 - CpG-C ODNs 结构是Class A和B的混合体。 它包含了完整的PS骨架和CpG回文序列。 CpG-C ODNs可以较强的引起pDC分泌IFN-a，在刺激B细 …

2004年1月11日 · We show that CpG DNA binds directly to TLR9 in ligand-binding studies. CpG DNA moves into early endosomes and is subsequently transported to a tubular lysosomal compartment. Concurrent with...

2022年3月10日 · We exploit the recent characterization of the CpG-TLR9 interaction in published crystallography studies (17−19) combined with the unique spatial control of ligands on DNA nanomaterials. We create DNA-based nanoparticles presenting CpG-ODNs at defined nanometer-scale distances to bind TLR9, as in the crystal structure of the active form.

2021年4月15日 · Introduction: Toll-like receptor-9(TLR9) can recognize the foreign unmethylated CpG DNA, and thus intrigue a strong Th1 response which plays a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)-based TLR9 agonists have undergone four generations.

TLR9 recognizes DNAs with unmethylated CpG motifs and activates innate immune responses. Ohto et al. identify another TLR9 binding motif, the 5′-xCx DNA motif, and determine the tertiary structure of TLR9 in complex with CpG and 5′-xCx DNAs to reveal a cooperative activation mechanism of TLR9 by two types of DNAs.

TLR9, which recognizes unmethylated CpG (cytosine guanosine dinucleotide), is a very promising target for therapeutic activation. Stimulation of TLR9 activates human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, and results in potent T helper-1 (T(h)1)-type immune responses and antitumor responses in mouse tumor models and in patients.

Recent studies indicate that mucosal or systemic delivery of CpG DNA can act as a potent adjuvant in a vaccine combination or act alone as an anti-microbial agent. Recently, it was shown that TLR9 is essential for the recognition of unmethylated CpG DNA since cells from TLR9-deficient mice are unresponsive to CpG stimulation.