通过检测活化标志、趋化因子受体和黏附分子的表达和功能来鉴别初始T细胞、TEM和TCM，可以使疫苗学家了解在疫苗免疫时应该诱导出哪一类淋巴细胞，希望根据这些信息设计出的疫苗能够诱导出长期的TEM和TCM。

2021年7月25日 · Th细胞均表达CD4，通常所称的CD4 ＋ T细胞即指Th。 CD4作为蛋白“标签”存在于辅助T（Th）细胞表面，是Th细胞TCR识别抗原的共受体，与MHCⅡ类分子的非多肽区结合，参与Th细胞TCR识别抗原的信号转导。

2023年5月8日 · Specialized subpopulations of CD4 + T cells survey major histocompatibility complex class II–peptide complexes to control phagosomal infections, help B cells, regulate tissue homeostasis and...

文章描述的是： t -distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t -SNE) plot of 8,530 T cells from 12 patients with CRC showing 20 major clusters (8 for 3,628 CD8+ and 12 for 4,902 CD4+ T cells ; 细胞亚群的生物学功能命名，以及各自的高表达量基因，也是在文章的表格里面列的清清楚楚 ：

2017年11月13日 · CD4 TEMRA cells have been implicated in protective immunity against pathogens such as dengue virus (DENV). Here we show that not only the frequency but also the phenotype of CD4 TEMRA cells are...

中央记忆T细胞 (TCM)和效应记忆T细胞 (TEM)属于外周循环的记忆T细胞，它们都能够在抗原刺激时产生IL-2和效应细胞因子。 但是两者侧重不同，TCM细胞表现出淋巴样归巢特征，具有高增殖能力，而TEM细胞则产生更多的效应细胞因子。

2019年5月24日 · TCM和TEM之间，细胞因子分泌不同，TCM的增殖能力强，IL-2分泌能力强，而TEM则分泌效应因子，例如IFN-γ和IL-4。 T记忆干细胞（TSCM）在小鼠、非人类灵长类动物和人类中均有，大约占外周血总CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞群体的2～4％。

Results: We found that (1) non-controllers had the highest rate of IFN-γ-expressing CD4 or CD8, but the lowest rate of IL2-producing CD4 or CD8. (2) The control of HIV-1 infection was associated with polyfunctional Gag-specific T cell responses in controllers and responders.

2021年6月14日 · We analyzed the TCR repertoire of the major memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subsets (TEM, TCM, TEMRA, and TRM) isolated from blood and/or lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow) and lungs of nine organ donors, and blood of three living individuals spanning five decades of life.

2018年3月23日 · CD4 T-cells act in concert with innate and other adaptive immune cells to protect the host from pathogens. During primary immune responses, CD4 T-cells are activated in secondary lymphoid organs where they amplify the anti-pathogen response by driving B-cell germinal responses and supporting CD8 T-cell activation.