在c4植物中，叶肉细胞制造一种酶，将二氧化碳纳入一个四碳中间体，该中间体被运输到围绕叶片水导血管的鞘细胞中。 在这些细胞中，Rubisco丰富，但氧气不丰富，当四碳化合物分解时，释放的二氧化碳可以被Rubisco比在C4植物中更有效地固定。

2024年11月20日 · From single-nucleus gene-expression and chromatin-accessibility atlases, we uncover DNA binding with one finger (DOF) motifs that define bundle-sheath identity in the major crops C3 rice and C4...

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup C is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup C is believed to have arisen in East Asia [4] some 24,000 years before present.

2023年10月13日 · 小米（Setaria italica）是东亚农业的创始作物，是 C4光合作用 和跨多个气候适应性育种方法的模式植物。这里我们通过从世界各地收集110个代表性基因组来建立狗尾草属全泛基因组。

The system is constructed by integrating a chemical oscillator, consisting of BrO 3 –, Fe(CN) 6 4–, H +, and SO 3 2–, into a synthetic proton-sensitive nanochannel modified with C-quadruplex (C4) DNA motors.

2022年11月18日 · Vaccinia virus expresses two proteins, C4 and C16, that inactivate DNA sensing and enhance virulence. The structural basis for this is unknown. Here we determine the structure of the C16 – Ku...

2024年11月22日 · Here we show that changes to bundle-sheath gene expression in C4 leaves are associated with the gain of a pre-existing cis-code found in the C3 leaf. From single-nucleus gene-expression and chromatin-accessibility atlases, we uncover DNA binding with one finger (DOF) motifs that define bundle-sheath identity in the major crops C3 rice and C4 ...

2018年1月1日 · This chapter provides an overview of the state of knowledge of complement component C4. Details on its physicochemical properties, its structure and its functional role in the complement pathways; its sites of expression and regulation thereof; its genomic organisation; and its polymorphisms are covered.

2015年12月11日 · Here we show that ER stress and chemotherapy induce leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4) biosynthesis by transcriptionally upregulating and activating the enzyme microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 2 (MGST2)...

Leukotriene C4 is the major trigger of stress-induced oxidative DNA damage. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and major chemotherapeutic agents damage DNA by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).