Astrocytes (from Ancient Greek ἄστρον, ástron, "star" and κύτος, kútos, "cavity", "cell"), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord.

星形胶质细胞（astrocyte），是哺乳动物脑内分布最广泛的一类细胞，也是胶质细胞中体积最大的一种。 用经典的金属浸镀技术（银染色）显示此类胶质细胞呈星形，从胞体发出许多长而分支的突起，伸展充填在神经细胞的胞体及其突起之间，起支持和分隔神经细胞的作用。 [1] 星形胶质细胞具有许多突起，伸展充填在神经细胞的胞体及其突起之间，起支持和分隔神经细胞的作用，并参与了 血脑屏障 的形成。 由于星形胶质细胞能产生和分泌某些 神经递质 以及表达某些 神经递质 …

星形膠質細胞 （astrocyte）简称 星形细胞 、 星状细胞[1]，统称 星形胶质 （astroglia），是存在于脑和脊髓中呈星状的一种 神經膠質細胞 （glia）。 它們執行着許多功能，包括对形成 血腦屏障 的 內皮細胞 进行生化控制、向 神經組織 提供 營養 、維持細胞外 離子 平衡、调节脑血流量（CBF），以及在修复脑和脊髓因感染或物理伤害形成的损伤、形成胶质瘢痕的过程中发挥重要作用。 星形膠質細胞在大腦中的比例尚不明確。 基于不同的计量方法，研究表明星形膠質細胞 …

2018年1月1日 · Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters.

2023年10月13日 · Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all...

Astrocytes and microglia, both types of glial cells, are key cells in the central nervous system (CNS), maintaining homeostasis and supporting the function of neurons (Figure 1). The communication between neurons and the glial cells is well recognized.

2023年10月12日 · Astrocytes, also known as astroglia or astroglial cells, were discovered by scientist Karl Bergmann and were originally called Bergmann glia due to their classification as a protective and insulating cell. These cells were later named astrocytes for their star-like shape.

Background: Astrocytes, also called astroglia, maintain homoeostasis of the brain by providing trophic and metabolic support to neurons. They recycle neurotransmitters, stimulate synaptogenesis and synaptic neurotransmission, form part of the blood-brain barrier, and regulate regional blood flow.

2009年11月3日 · Astrocytes cooperate with neurons on several levels, including neurotransmitter trafficking and recycling, ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, and defense against oxidative stress. The critical dependence of neurons upon their constant support confers astrocytes with intrinsic neuroprotective properties which are discussed here.

2025年2月27日 · Astrocyte, star-shaped cell that is a type of neuroglia found in the nervous system in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Astrocytes can be subdivided into fibrous and protoplasmic types. Learn more about astrocytes, including their structure and function.