The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") [2] are a group of protists, considered a major clade [3] and superphylum [4] within Eukarya. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup.

囊泡虫总门（Alveolata）是真核域蓝藻界的1个超门，下属四个门，分别为顶复门Apicomplexa；Chromerida； 纤毛虫门 Ciliophora； 双鞭毛虫门 (Dinoflagellate)。 [1] 囊泡虫可分为4个门。 它们在形态上具有非常大的多样性，但根据细胞内的超微结构与基因具有密切亲缘关系： 顶复门 (Apicomplexa) - 营寄生的原生生物，缺少轴丝运动结构，但是配子例外； ．Chromerida - 一种具有光合自养的海生原生动物，是顶复门与藻类的进化过渡的中间物种； 纤毛虫门 …

囊泡虫最著名的公共特征是存在皮层内生膜囊 (cortical alveoli), 扁平的 囊泡 折叠为连续层支撑着膜，通常形成灵活的薄皮。 双鞭毛虫通常形成硬壳。 囊泡虫具有带管状嵴的 线粒体。 鞭毛或纤毛有不同结构. 这类原生生物的祖先显然是营光合作用的. [4] 几乎所有的纤毛虫与顶复门寄生虫的线粒体基因组是线状的. [5] . 巴贝斯原虫 (Babesia microti)的线粒体基因是环形的. [6] . 这个物种因而被认为不属于 巴贝斯虫属 (Babesia) 或 泰勒虫属 (Theileria)，应该为它创建一个新的属。 顶复 …

SAR是三大类群首字母的合称： 异鞭毛类 （Stramenopiles）， 囊泡虫类 （Alveolates）和 有孔虫类 （Rhizaria）。 异鞭毛类包括曾经归入植物的褐藻，黄藻，金藻，硅藻等等，其中褐藻独立演化出结构复杂的大型多细胞种类。

The alveolates are named for the presence of an alveolus, or membrane-enclosed sac, beneath the cell membrane. The exact function of the alveolus is unknown, but it may be involved in osmoregulation. The alveolates are further categorized into the dinoflagellates, the apicomplexans, and the ciliates.

Alveolata: a widespread group of unicellular eukaryotes that have adopted diverse life strategies such as predation, photoautotrophy, and intracellular parasitism [29].

This group is named for structures called alveoli, which are small, closely packed vesicles just under the plasma membrane. These often form a pellicle, which is used in various species for motility, defense, or host cell invasion. Many alveolates, but not all, have plastids.

2023年11月3日 · The marine alveolates (MALVs) are an elusive group of microbial eukaryotes first discovered through amplicon surveys of environmental rRNA 1, 2, and since found to consistently dominate...

The alveolates are a major line of protists. There are three phyla, which are very divergent in form, but are now known to be close relatives based on various ultrastructural and genetic similarities:

2013年12月16日 · The alveolates are an ancient group of eukaryotes that occupy a diverse array of ecological niches, both free-living and parasitic. Alveolates form a sister-group to the stramenopiles, which include diatom algae, kelps, and oomycete pathogens, but are much more distant relatives of plants, animals and fungi [1].