Article 1 (4) provides that armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes are to be considered international conflicts. Part II (Articles 8-34) develops the rules of the First and the Second Geneva Conventions on wounded, sick and shipwrecked.

Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial …

The Protocol was adopted by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts in Geneva. It was signed on 12 December 1977. Entry into force on 7 December 1979, in accordance with Article 95. This is not a UNHCR publication.

1977年6月8日 · For the section on Protocol II relative to non-international armed conflicts: Sylvie-Stoyanka Junod. The aim of this Commentary is to explain the Protocols on the basis of their text and the travaux préparatoires, and in the light of international humanitarian law, international law in general and Red Cross and Red Crescent principles.

Protocol I extends the Geneva Conventions’ definition of inter-national armed conflict to include wars of national liberation (Art. 1) and specifies what constitutes a legitimate target of military …

This page can be referenced as ICRC Database, Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977., Article 1 - General principles and scope of application, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org ...

Adopted on 8 June 1977, Additional Protocols (APs) I and II, together with the Geneva Conventions of 1949, form the foundations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and are the cornerstone for the protection and respect of human dignity in armed conflicts.

2015年6月9日 · clared war or ... any other armed conflict which may arise” between two or more States.. The three new scenarios that were envisaged by Art. 1(4) of AP I were: armed conflicts in which peoples were fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation, and racist regimes, in the exercise of their right of self-determination under the .

2023年9月6日 · This paper first examines the concept of cyberspace and its potential regulation under IHL’s general principles. It then explores the term “attack” under IHL as well as the fundamental concepts of distinction and proportionality.

2016年12月13日 · IHL regulates both lawful and unlawful acts of violence in all situations of armed conflict – be they labelled wars of national liberation, fight against foreign occupation, humanitarian war, etc. – and expressly prohibits terrorist acts in all instances (GC4, Art.33; AP1, Art.51; AP2, Art.13).