Anogenital Distance and Phthalate Exposure: Swan et al. Respond
Although anogenital distance (AGD) has rarely been used as a measure of androgen action in humans, our data suggest that shortened AGD reflects reduced androgen action in utero; AGD …
Prenatal phthalate exposure decreases anogenital distance in …
2005年7月1日 · In a multicenter pregnancy cohort study, the Study for Future Families II (SFFII), Swan et al. examined the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on AGD and other genital …
Anogenital Distance (AGD) • Sexually dimorphic: In rodents, AGD is about twice as long in males as in females • In rodents, male AGD is shortened by prenatal exposure to anti-androgens …
Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal ...
Prenatal phthalate exposure impairs testicular function and shortens anogenital distance (AGD) in male rodents. We present data from the first study to examine AGD and other genital …
First trimester phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in …
2015年2月18日 · AGD, the distance between the anus and the genitals, is frequently 50–100% longer in males than females of many species, including humans. It is a sensitive marker of …
EHP Paper of the Year, 2009 | Environmental Health Perspectives …
2009年6月1日 · Swan et al. (2005) translated the standard animal exam to humans in order to investigate potential effects of phthalates on reproductive development in male infants. …
Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive …
2008年10月1日 · AGD, which in newborn rodent pups is the distance from the anus to the genital tubercle, is approximately twice as long in males as females. AGD is a sensitive marker of …
Validity of Anogenital Distance as a Marker of
2006年1月1日 · In their article in the August issue of EHP, Swan et al. (2005) purport to show that anogenital distance (AGD) in male infants is correlated with maternal phthalate exposure …
Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Anogenital Distance in Male …
2015年12月15日 · The first American study among 134 mother–son pairs reported significant association between maternal exposure to several phthalates measured in urine and reduced …
Prenatal phthalate exposure and reduced masculine play in boys - Swan …
2010年3月14日 · Data from Swan et al. (2005) and Swan (2008) support the hypothesis that in humans, maternal exposure to phthalates, particularly DEHP, lowers foetal testosterone …