The reflex exam is fundamental to the neurological exam and important to locating upper versus lower motor neuron lesions. There are five deep tendon reflexes and a number of superficial and visceral reflexes covered here. Reflexes are useful for the general internist to perform, but you can’t evaluate them if … You don’t have a hammer.

Impulses from the spindle receptors enter the dorsal horn where the information takes four routes: (1) to the cortex; (2) to synapse directly on an alpha motoneuron, which causes immediate contraction of the muscle innervated by the spindle, the agonist; (3) to synapse on an inhibitory neuron which in turn synapses on an alpha motoneuron that ...

2023年8月28日 · The DTR is used to assess the integrity of the motor system and provides information on the condition of upper and lower motor neurons. A hypoactive or absent reflex will be noted if a patient has an injury or a disease involving a lower motor neuron (nerve roots or peripheral nerves).

2023年12月8日 · dtr（数据终端准备好）：当该引脚为高电平时，表示数据终端设备（如计算机）已经准备好进行数据传输。 通常，DTR 信号由数据终端设备发送给串口设备（如 Modem），以指示串口设备开始数据传输。

Deep tendon reflexes, more properly referred to as muscle stretch reflexes, are an integral part of the neurological examination. A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by percussion of the tendon.

4+ = a tap elicits a repeating reflex (clonus); always abnormal. Whether the 1 + and 3 + responses are normal depends on what they were previously, that is, the patient's reflex history; what the other reflexes are; and analysis of associated findings such as muscle tone, muscle strength, or other evidence of disease.

The 2/4 means that the assessed strength of the reflexes were normal and were neither too low or too high. If they specifically mention only checking the reflexes at the ankle and patella (knee cap), then that would be the only reflexes that were checked.

2024年8月28日 · Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs) are involuntary, automatic responses to a stimulus applied to a tendon, typically involving the muscle it is connected to. These reflexes are essential for assessing the integrity of the nervous system, particularly the …

2024年12月1日 · deep tendon reflex (DTR) was introduced in 1875, and since at least 1885 some authorities have criticized it. The term DTR is in much wider use than muscle stretch reflex, and for both pragmatic and anti-pedantic reasons, the DTR abbreviation will be used in this text.

2019年8月6日 · Reflex testing is used to access neuromuscular integration of an individual. So following is the scale used to measure deep tendon reflex: Grade 0= No response. Grade 1+= Diminished. Grade 2+= Normal. Grade 3+= Brisk, but of no clinical significance. Grade 4+= Very brisk, hyperactive, with clonus, of clinical significance.