Usually, urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureter. When a blockage or obstruction impedes the normal flow of urine, hydronephrosis can develop. The urinary tract serves two ...

The ureteral strictures resulted in restriction ... obstruction despite only 'mild' hydronephrosis. Following this marked improvement, however, the patient's GFR began to fall progressively ...

The Gerota's fascia was opened, and the giant hydronephrosis was identified and ... under vision and the urine was aspirated. The ureter was clipped and cut. The kidney was bagged and removed ...