The rat showed no signs of pain in its cage or upon examination. It had normal locomotion, normal body temperature (37 °C), and seemed bright and alert. Given that the males were housed two rats ...

Wheels provide a more efficient means of locomotion, especially in indoor environments. Lab environments can be stressful for rats, especially if they are housed in isolation or overcrowded ...

Model systems include rat whisking and the electrosense of the black ghost knifefish ... and estimation laws for individual agents that yield a desired group behavior such as self-assembly or ...