Nodding thistle is a biennial weed, typically establishing in autumn in pastures that have been damaged by drought over summer. In autumn with the first substantial rainfalls, as there is bare soil, ...

It less commonly used in cropped land. Generally, the target weed is a long-lived perennial species that is especially difficult to control by traditional means. Nodding thistle is attacked by a ...

Californian thistle is also well-adapted to growing in situations such as asparagus crops and in orchards where residual herbicides are used. Residual herbicides remain active in the soil for several ...