the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The boundary between the two lies about 465 miles (750 kilometers) beneath the Earth's surface. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the ...

First, the upper mantle is depleted in incompatible trace elements compared with what is expected from primitive planet-building material that the Earth should, on average, be composed of.

If you've ever looked at Mars through a telescope, you probably noticed its two polar ice caps. The northern one is made ...

If you were to slice through it, you would see the Earth is divided into distinct layers. On top is the relatively thin crust where we live. Beneath that is the 2,900 km thick mantle layer.

Continent-size islands deep inside Earth's mantle could be more than a billion years old, a new study finds. Known as large low-seismic-velocity provinces (LLSVPs), these blobs are both hotter and ...

Geology’s Theory of Everything continues successfully to defend its title. ■ Curious about the world? To enjoy our ...

Like most of us, Earth has a lot going on under the surface ... as rocky material descends through the boundary between the upper and lower mantle, mineral crystals are compressed and reformed ...

A new study now finds that this process is happening right now under the Sierra Nevada. Under the southern section of the mountain range, the lithosphere —the upper part of Earth's mantle and ...

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 511 ... suggesting that small-degree melts of subducted crust are efficient agents of chemical mass-transfer in the upper mantle and transition zone, and leave ...

Earth, our home planet, is a world unlike any other. The third planet from the sun, Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life. With a radius of 3,959 miles, Earth is the ...

The ice sheet is bending the rocky crust beneath at a rate of 0.13 millimetres per year. Mars's upper mantle is stiff, with a viscosity 10 to 100 times higher than Earth's. Focus: Planetary research, ...