Penn State researchers have developed a new nanoparticle that can prevent ... "We aimed to tackle the challenge of calcium ...

Scientists from Penn State have developed a new nanoparticle that can stabilize ... We aimed to tackle the challenge of calcium carbonate formation, known as scaling, in two-phase oil-water ...

They have found that nanoparticle pigments, around 100 nanometers in size, are effective barrier coatings. They can consist of; talc, calcium carbonate, clay, silica, alumina, or plastic particles.