Describes acid-base physiology and discusses the diagnosis ... and bicarbonate losses from the kidney or in gastrointestinal secretions. Calculation of the plasma anion gap is particularly useful ...

"We discovered that the balance between different acid-base elements in urine samples from patients with chronic kidney disease differs significantly from healthy individuals. This led us to ...

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD ... studies have highlighted the critical role of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance and how their dysfunction in CKD leads to metabolic acidosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD ... functions of the kidneys are to excrete waste and regulate the water and acid-base balance of the body. Without these functions, a person cannot survive.

A patient-centered approach is recommended to tailor to individual needs when calculating individual protein needs.